2024-03-28T12:07:06Z
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/oai
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/105
2017-06-21T09:25:26Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141015 2014 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
dc
Abrasion injuries on artificial turf: A real risk or not?
Twomey, Dara M
Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen Campus, Victoria, Australia
Petrass, Lauren A
Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen Campus, Victoria, Australia
Fleming, Paul R
School of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
Abrasion injuries result in damage only to the surface layer of skin and can result in player discomfort and changes in performance. The perceived fear of abrasion injuries on artificial turf playing surfaces has significantly affected the adoption of these surfaces, particularly in sports that involve frequent player-surface interactions. The underreporting of abrasion injuries due to how time-loss injuries are defined and the lack of validity of the current abrasion measurement device highlight the need for more research to understand fully the incidence and nature of abrasions on artificial turf playing surfaces and the effect of these injuries on playing behaviour. Improved reporting of abrasion injuries and a more biofidelic test device could assist in both the development of abrasion-related injury prevention strategies and in dispelling players’ negative perceptions of abrasions on artificial turf.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2014-10-15 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/105
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 26 No. 3 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c) 2014 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/325
2019-02-21T07:40:25Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"111204 2011 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2011/v23i4a325
doi
dc
Debating the utility of computerised neurocognitive testing in the sports concussion arena
Shuttleworth-Edwards, Ann B
The purpose of this article was to contribute to an argument regarding the utility of computerised baseline and follow-up neurocognitive testing within the sports concussion arena. Heated debate around this issue via a number of contributions has appeared recently in the journal Current Sports Medicine Reports, with its use being roundly condemned by one party as ‘scientifically unfounded’ and therefore ‘financially irresponsible’. It is proposed that this vehemently negative viewpoint is located in a ‘smoke and mirrors’ portrayal of the validity of such neurocognitive screening, being substantiated on questionable extrapolations from laboratory-type group research to the clinical situation. The stance runs counter to the tenets of modern clinical neuropsychology, and is incompatible with more rigorous scientific pointers from current research. Abreast of the latest concussion in sport consensus recommendations, it is concluded that there is compelling support for the burgeoning use of computerised neurocognitive evaluation in the sports concussion arena as the optimal and most responsible healthcare currently available in this arena.
SAJSM, vol 23 No. 4 2011
South African Sports Medicine Association
2011-12-04 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/325
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 23 No. 4 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c) 2011 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/326
2019-02-21T07:41:37Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"111204 2011 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2011/v23i4a326
doi
dc
The injury burden ̶ sport and exercise scientists can contribute more to public health
Rorke, Stafford C
SAJSM, vol 23 No. 4 2011
South African Sports Medicine Association
2011-12-04 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/326
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 23 No. 4 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c) 2011 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/327
2019-02-21T07:42:20Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"111204 2011 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2011/v23i4a327
doi
dc
Ethical issues in return-to-sport decisions
Burgess, Theresa L
SAJSM, vol 23 No. 4 2011
South African Sports Medicine Association
2011-12-04 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/327
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 23 No. 4 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c) 2011 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/459
2020-02-13T12:22:04Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"151015 2015 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.7196/SAJSM.8078
doi
dc
Under-13 rugby: What are the issues? A panel discussion
Durandt, Justin
Hendricks, Sharief
Marshall, Mike
Roux, Andries
Hare, Eugene
There are many questions about youth rugby for which
there are no immediate answers. At what age should
the young players specialise? How often should they
practise? How many matches should they play in
season? Science has lagged behind in providing clear
answers, and in many cases decisions about the development of the
game at this level have to be made based on logic and intuition. As a
result, opinions may differ and controversy may prevail.
Recently a panel of experts representing different aspects of youth
rugby was asked a series of questions about this sport, the aim being
to examine the answers given from different perspectives. The overall
goal was to identify where agreement does or does not exist.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2015-10-15 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/459
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 27 No. 3 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/463
2017-06-15T13:51:13Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"130315 2013 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
dc
PRICE needs updating, should we call the POLICE?
Bleakley, C M
The acronym PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression and elevation) has been central to acute soft tissue injury management for many years despite a paucity of highquality, empirical evidence to support the various components or as a collective treatment package. Treatment paradigms in sports medicine must be updated based on contemporary research evidence. As a recent example, the widespread use of non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs in acute soft tissue injury management has been challenged, particularly with ligament and muscle injuries.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2013-03-15 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/463
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2013 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/481
2017-01-24T13:34:24Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"150315 2015 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.7196/SAJSM.595
doi
dc
Boxer safety, and the relationship between the referee and the ringside physician
Sethi, N K
Both the referee and the ringside physician are
entrusted with the safety of the boxer in the ring. The
Uniform Boxing Rules (approved August 25, 2001,
Amended August 2, 2002, Amended July 3, 2008)
recognise the referee as the sole arbiter of a bout and
the only individual authorised to stop a contest. Unified rules of
mixed martial arts (MMA) and some boxing commissions recognise
both the referee and the ringside physician as arbiters of a fight, and
the only individuals authorised to enter the fight area at any time
during competition and stop a fight when the combatant’s safety
is compromised. Irrespective of who stops the fight, the stoppage
should be timely and fair to the combatants and their corners; a
premature stoppage is unfair to the boxers, their corners, the promoter
and the public, while a fight stopped too late risks serious injury and
even death of the boxer.[1]
Stoppage from inside the
South African Sports Medicine Association
2015-03-15 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/481
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/516
2016-09-08T11:45:15Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"120330 2012 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2012/v24i1a516
doi
dc
Author guidelines
., .
Author guidelines
South African Sports Medicine Association
2012-03-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/516
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c) 2012 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/519
2020-02-13T12:21:51Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160204 2016 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2012/v24i2a519
doi
dc
South African Sports Medicine Association Position Statement on Exercise in Pregnancy
Barskey, E
Smith, T
Patricios, J
Collins, R
Branfield, A
Ramagole, M
There are many concerns about exercise during pregnancy, with medical advice historically dissuading women from continuing or initiating regular exercise programmes. However, research has shown that high levels of exercise are not associated with an increased incidence of negative events. Currently, many women of childbearing age wish to continue with their exercise programmes during pregnancy. Appropriate guidance and exercise counselling by the attending care provider can fulfil this need. This position statement aims to assist pregnant women and their care providers in assessing the merits and benefits of improving and maintaining fitness during this period.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2012-06-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/519
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 24 No. 2 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c) 2012 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/526
2017-01-24T11:18:34Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"121204 2012 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.7196/SAJSM.359
doi
dc
Groin and hip quandaries
Millson, H
There is little consensus on the diagnosis, pathophysiology, investigation and management of groin injuries. A key factor in making the correct diagnosis is to firstly understand the anatomy and likely generators of pain in the region. This requires an understanding of the two joints in the pelvis – the hip joint and the pubic symphysis ‒ which are at the centre of many movements. There are a multitude of varying studies on this topic. However, most importantly, many of the groin/hip pathologies can be averted by thorough and specific prehabilitation, bearing in mind the entire kinetic chain and addressing total function above and below the pelvis.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2012-12-04 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/526
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 24 No. 4 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c) 2012 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/532
2016-09-08T14:20:15Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"110330 2011 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2011/v23i1a532
doi
dc
‘Mean response’ disregards the importance of individual variation
Mann, T
The conventional approach in the field of exercise science is to report the response to interventions as the mean (average) of the intervention group. While the mean may be a convenient measure, it fails to consider the significant individual variation present in all aspects of human biology, resulting in findings that are at best simplistic and, at worst, misleading.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2011-03-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/532
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c) 2011 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/537
2016-08-04T16:11:26Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"110330 2011 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2011/v23i1a537
doi
dc
IF… A tendon parody by Jon Patricios
., .
IF… A tendon parody by Jon Patricios
South African Sports Medicine Association
2011-03-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/537
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 23 No. 1 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/545
2016-09-08T14:28:25Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"110615 2011 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2011/v23i2a545
doi
dc
The introduction of an international model to reduce injuries in Rugby Union in South Africa
Brown, J
Regular participation in physical exercise or sport is popular due to the numerous health benefits it offers to the individual.1 However, these potential benefits need to be offset against the magnitude of risk of injury that participating in the activity may present to the individual. The risk/benefit ratio varies depending on the type of activity.1 In terms of major male-dominated sports, Rugby Union presents a high risk of overall injury to the player – greater than that of cricket, soccer or even ice hockey.2 The high incidence of injury in rugby is related to the nature of the game – a field-based team sport that involves multiple contact situations over the 80 minutes of play.3 Considering the popularity of the sport, with an estimated 92 countries participating worldwide, this injury risk presents a significant global issue.3 From the inception of the game of Rugby Union, which is speculated to have been between the start of the 1600s and the mid 1800s, the game has been regarded as a violent sport and the formation of the Rugby Football Union in 1871 was necessitated, in part, by the need for laws to reduce this violence.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2011-06-15 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/545
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c) 2011 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/552
2016-09-08T15:16:39Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"100930 2010 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2010/v22i3a552
doi
dc
South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA) consensus statement on policy for managing athletes with disorders of sexual development (DSD)
., .
SASMA views disorders of sexual development (DSD) as a medical condition that has profound physical and psychological effects on not only the individuals affected, but also their families. Like any other disorder, this condition has to be managed with a view to offer the best outcomes for affected individuals. When the attending physician identifies stigmata suggesting DSD in a newborn there should be proper consultation and education of parents.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2010-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/552
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 22 No. 3 (2010)
eng
Copyright (c) 2010 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/569
2016-09-09T09:13:40Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"090322 2009 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2009/v21i1a569
doi
dc
Role of qualitative research in exercise science and sports medicine
Draper, C
Qualitative research is featuring more frequently in health sciences research, a field in which the ‘hard sciences’ and statistics have traditionally dominated. For example, within the fields of exercise science and sports medicine, qualitative research methods are included to evaluate intervention programmes. These methods are also being used in studies that require measurement of behavioural perspectives, such as an understanding of individuals’ motivations, attitudes, beliefs and perceptions. Qualitative research methods are also becoming increasingly useful in the investigation of contextual factors that impact on physical activity and sporting performance. The purpose of this article is to clarify the role of qualitative research in exercise science and sports medicine and provide the reader with a basic understanding of the basis of qualitative research. Qualitative data collection and analysis, sampling strategies in qualitative research, the role of the qualitative researcher, and issues of scientific rigour regarding qualitative research will be addressed.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2009-03-22 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/569
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2009)
eng
Copyright (c) 2009 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/570
2016-09-09T09:14:29Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"090322 2009 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2009/v21i1a570
doi
dc
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AUTHOR INSTRUCTIONS
., .
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AUTHOR INSTRUCTIONS
South African Sports Medicine Association
2009-03-22 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/570
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 21 No. 1 (2009)
eng
Copyright (c) 2009 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/629
2020-02-13T12:21:36Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170425 2017 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2008/v20i2a629
doi
dc
An analysis of Comrades marathon records: A 2008 update
Bosch, A
An analysis of Comrades marathon records: A 2008 update
South African Sports Medicine Association
2008-04-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/629
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 20 No. 2 (2008)
eng
Copyright (c) 2008 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/633
2016-09-09T09:45:26Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"081005 2008 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2008/v20i3a633
doi
dc
BokSmart: Safe and effective techniques in rugby union
Posthumus, M
As with any contact sport, rugby union has a high risk of injury. The majority of injuries result from contact phases of play such as the tackle, taking the ball into contact, the scrum, the lineout and the ruck and maul. Many techniques associated with a reduced risk of injury can be taught. The need for coaches to emphasise correct technique is extremely important and one of the few possible modes to reduce injuries, particularly non-fatal catastrophic injuries to the head, neck, brain and spine. This paper provides evidence of safe techniques during the contact phases of the game (tackling, taking the ball into contact, scrum setting and engagement, lineouts as well as rucks and mauls). Examples are also given to show that safe techniques often are the most effective techniques from a performance perspective.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2008-10-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/633
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 20 No. 3 (2008)
eng
Copyright (c) 2008 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/635
2016-09-09T09:42:35Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"081205 2008 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2008/v20i4a635
doi
dc
BokSmart: Preventive rehabilitation for rugby injuries to the lower back and core
Hopkins, N
Background. The low back is an integral part of the entire movement chain as it functions as part of a complex network of the skeletal, muscular and nervous system. Eighty to 90% of acute low back pain episodes dissipate within 8 - 12 weeks regardless of any intervention, but 5 - 10% regress into chronic low back pain. As a result of its undistinguished aetiology, the treatment for low back pain remains controversial. Treatment options for low back pain include the following: analgesics, muscle relaxants, antidepressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, epidural steroid injections, manipulation, back schools, electromyographic biofeedback, traction, orthoses, behaviour therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, acupuncture, and exercise therapy. Results. Therapeutic exercises for low back pain have been shown in 6 different randomised controlled trials to be beneficial in reducing pain by up to 60% and improving functional ability by up to 47%. Furthermore, a Cochrane review on low back pain found strong evidence that exercise therapy is an effective intervention in the treatment of low back pain. When prescribing exercises for an individual with low back pain the following goals need to be considered: (i) improve performance in endurance activities; (ii) improve muscular strength around the spine; (iii) eliminate any impairments in spinal flexibility; (iv) reduce the intensity of the pain being experienced by the individual; and (v) reduce back pain-related disability. A rugby player will have increased core stability/strength and a reduced risk of injury if the internal support mechanisms of the spine have been conditioned to resist distortion or injury from external forces. Not only will improved core stability benefit players on the field during matches or practices, it will also assist in preventing unnecessary injuries during weight training and pre-season conditioning. Conclusion. Exercise programmes which combine core stability with general strength training should be prescribed for rugby players to prepare them for the level of impact involved in the game, as well as for sport-related weight training and non-sport-related daily activities.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2008-12-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/635
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 20 No. 4 (2008)
eng
Copyright (c) 2006 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/642
2016-08-04T16:01:14Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"071005 2007 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2007/v19i3a642
doi
dc
Psychological preparation of the 2004 South African Olympic team
Gahwiler, C
Background. The 2004 Athens Olympics represented the greatest opportunity for psychological preparation yet afforded a multicode South African team. A coordinating psychologist was appointed a year before the event, with access to financial and other resources. Aim. The purposes of this paper are fourfold: (i) to describe a 5-stage model used for the psychological preparation of the 2004 South African Olympic team; (ii) to report on the athletes and their management teams’ perceptions of its efficacy; (iii) to describe the perceived positive and negative determinants of these same subjects’ state of mind at the Olympics; and (iv) to make recommendations for the existing model’s further improvement. Results. The psychological preparation was well received, with almost all athletes and coaches requesting an expansion thereof in the future. Recommendations are made for the model’s improvement, particularly for its ongoing implementation throughout the 4-year Olympic cycle
South African Sports Medicine Association
2007-10-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/642
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 19 No. 3 (2007)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/654
2016-09-09T10:07:03Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"071205 2007 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2007/v19i5a654
doi
dc
COPD: Is there evidence to support a role for resistance training in improving measurable health-related quality of life in pulmonary rehabilitation?
Semple, S
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. As such, the disease places a significant burden on health care services. Although the pathogenesis of COPD is complex, progressive airflow limitation and a chronic inflammatory response are two hallmark characteristics of the disease. In addition, systemic manifestations such as peripheral muscle dysfunction have recently received considerable attention in the literature. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an evidence-based multidisciplinary intervention that has been shown to produce clinically relevant outcomes. One important component of rehabilitation is exercise. With the majority of COPD patients presenting with muscle weakness and exercise intolerance, the inclusion of resistance training into a pulmonary rehabilitation programme would seem appropriate. Compared with other exercise/training modalities only a small number of studies have investigated the effects of resistance training in COPD patients. Although further research is required to identify the optimal mode, intensity and frequency, it appears that resistance training may prove to be a valuable intervention for COPD patients enrolled in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2007-12-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/654
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 19 No. 5 (2007)
eng
Copyright (c) 2007 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/655
2016-09-09T10:07:35Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"071205 2007 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2007/v19i5a655
doi
dc
Sporting myths: the REAL role of lactate during exercise
Mann, T
Background. Lactate or, as it was customarily known, ‘lactic acid’ was one of the first molecules to attract the attention of early exercise scientists, mainly because blood lactate concentration could be measured and was shown to increase with increasing exercise intensity. This connection resulted in lactate being associated with numerous other events associated with high-intensity exercise including muscle cramps, fatigue, acidosis and post-exercise muscle soreness. Nobel prize-winning research by AV Hill and Otto Meyerhof provided a rational explanation linking lactate to anaerobiosis and acidosis, which resulted in this relationship being widely accepted as fact. It was only following isotopic tracer studies of George Brooks and others that the true role of lactate during rest and exercise was revealed. Conclusions. Lactate is now acknowledged as an important intermediate of carbohydrate metabolism, taken up from the blood by tissues such as skeletal and cardiac muscle as a substrate for oxidation. Furthermore, lactate formation consumes a proton, thereby buffering against muscle acidosis. For this reason, lactate production forms an essential aid to endurance performance rather than a hindrance.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2007-12-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/655
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 19 No. 5 (2007)
eng
Copyright (c) 2007 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/1579
2020-04-17T10:31:52Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161115 2016 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2016/v28i2a1579
doi
dc
Enabling disabled participation in sport: Roadrunning
Maralack, D
The Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon (OMTOM) and Comrades Marathon were challenged by wheelchair participants to enter their ultramarathon races in 2016, despite the ultramarathon being physically challenging over 56 km and 90 km respectively. The terrain for both is mountainous, exacerbating the physical challenge of the distance. Initially both events declined entry to two wheelchair participants, based on procedural, logistical and safety grounds, prompting social media protests and debate. This commentary focuses in brief on the two sides of the same coin: the rights of disabled and specifically wheelchair athletes to be included in ultramarathons in South Africa; and the management and regulatory responsibilities of event organisers in these complex events.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2016-11-15 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/1579
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 28 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/1580
2020-04-17T10:31:52Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161115 2016 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2016/v28i2a1580
doi
dc
Post-concussion return to boxing protocol
Sethi, N
Background: Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. Immediately following a concussion, an athlete is usually advised physical and cognitive rest until post-concussion symptoms abate. The athlete then enters a stepwise return-to-play protocol. Premature return to play risks a second concussion, second impact syndrome, exacerbation and persistence of post-concussive symptoms. Various sports governing organisations such as the National Football League have developed post-concussion return to play protocols.
Discussion: Professional boxing is a popular contact sport in which concussions are common. Professional boxing currently lacks a standardised post-concussion return to boxing protocol. Professional boxers are arbitrarily suspended for periods ranging from 30 to 90 days after suffering a technical knockout (TKO) due to multiple head and body shots or after a knockout (KO). For some boxers a neurology clearance is requested prior to their return to boxing.
Conclusion: Developing and implementing a post-concussion return to the boxing protocol will standardise a return to boxing decision-making process and help to protect a boxer’s health. This paper proposes a post-concussion return to boxing protocol with the recommendation that the proposed protocol be debated vigorously by the scientific community and evidence-based guidelines be developed by the medical community in conjunction with the professional boxing governing bodies.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2016-11-15 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/1580
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 28 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/1866
2020-04-17T10:32:07Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170425 2017 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2016/v28i3a1866
doi
dc
The need for biokineticists in the South African public health care system
Evans, R
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly prevalent within South Africa. Physical inactivity is a significant, independent and modifiable risk factor increasing the prevalence of NCDs.
Discussion: The integration of physical activity programmes into the primary health care system through multidisciplinary platforms is thus advocated for and envisioned to be more cost-effective than current practices. However, currently within the primary health care setting of South Africa, there is an absence of health care professionals adequately equipped to develop and implement physical activity programmes. Biokineticists, whose scope of practice is to improve physical functioning and health through exercise as a modality, are ideally suited to developing and implementing physical activity programmes in the public sector. Yet despite their evident demand, the role of the biokineticist is not incorporated into the national public health care system.
Conclusion: This short report calls firstly, for the inclusion of biokinetics into the public health care sector, and secondly, for the funding of multidisciplinary community health programmes supporting education, healthy eating and physical activity levels.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2017-04-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/1866
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 28 No. 3 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/1867
2020-04-17T10:32:07Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170425 2017 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2016/v28i3a1867
doi
dc
Good versus bad medical stoppages in boxing: Stopping a fight in time
Sethi, N
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Background: Professional boxing is a popular contact sport with a high risk for both acute and chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although rare, many boxers have died in the ring or soon after the completion of a bout. The most common causes of death in these cases are usually acute subdural hematomas, acute epidural hematomas, a subarachnoid haemorrhage, an intracranial haemorrhage or Second Impact Syndrome (SIS). Ringside physicians are entrusted with the health and safety of boxers in the ring and in the immediate aftermath of a bout.
Discussion: As per the Uniform Boxing Rules (approved August 25, 2001, Amended August 2, 2002, Amended July 3, 2008, Amended July 24, 2012, Amended July 29, 2014), the referee is the sole arbiter of a bout and is the only individual authorised to stop a contest. [1]In some states in the United States and in other countries around the world, the referee and the ringside physician are the sole arbiters of a fight and the only individuals authorised to enter the fighting area at any time during the competition and also authorised to stop a fight. This raises the important question of when should a fight be stopped on medical grounds.
Conclusion: Standardising medical stoppage decisions in boxing will help to protect a boxer’s health and safety in the ring. Good practice guidelines for medical stoppage due to suspected TBI are suggested. It is recommended that the medical community debate the proposed guidelines vigorously, in order that evidence-based guidelines can be developed in conjunction with professional boxing governing bodies.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2017-04-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/1867
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 28 No. 3 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/2933
2020-04-17T10:32:56Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180706 2018 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2018/v30i1a2933
doi
dc
Building a robust athlete in the South African high school system
Lombard, W
University of Cape Town
In the modern era of school sport, schools are faced with important decisions on how best to structure their programs to fit in the growing number of tournaments into the schools sports calendars. Furthermore, school sport has taken on a more professional and competitive feel, with the possibility of winning cash prizes as well as the live TV coverage of various tournaments it is plausible to believe that the pressure on coaches to win at this level has increased when compared to 10 years back.The intention of this article is not to disparage the South African school sport system but rather to create an understanding of best practice when considering high school athletes. As it has been the authors experience through working with numerous highs school athletes and presenting to various schools and educators on this topic that the current system or lack thereof is possibly not athlete-centered which may be detrimental to their development down the line.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2018-03-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/2933
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 30 No. 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/3235
2020-02-13T11:24:16Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"171024 2017 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2017/v29i1a3235
doi
dc
Neuroimaging in contact sports: Determining brain fitness before and after a bout
Sethi, N
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Background: Professional boxing and mixed martial arts (MMA) are popular contact sports with high risk for both acute and chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although rare, combatants have died in the ring/cage or soon after the completion of the bout. The cause of death in these cases is usually acute subdural hematoma, acute epidural hematoma, subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracranial haemorrhage, or second-impact syndrome (SIS). Neuroimaging or brain imaging is currently included in the process of registering for a license to fight in a combat sport in most states in the United States and around the world. However, the required imaging specifics and frequency vary.
Discussion: Neuroimaging serves two distinct roles in the individualised care of a combatant, representing a step towards personalised medicine and individual risk stratification. Neuroimaging prior to licensure helps to identify and/or exclude coincidental or clinically suspected brain lesions which may pose a risk for rupture, bleeding or other catastrophic and important brain injury. Neuroimaging in the immediate aftermath of a bout primarily serves to rule out acute traumatic brain injury. Neuroimaging may also be carried out to assess for evidence of structural brain injury which may make a combatant more likely to express late-life neuropsychiatric sequelae of brain injury, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy. As such, neuroimaging plays a prognostic role and aids in the determination of whether the combatant should be allowed to continue to participate in future bouts or not.
Conclusion: Currently there are no established neuroimaging guidelines for contact sports. Standardising neuroimaging guidelines both for licensure as well as neuroimaging modality, and protocols to assess for both acute and chronic traumatic brain injury. This will assist in protecting the combatant’s health and safety, both in the ring/cage, and after their professional careers have ended. Some suggested guidelines are provided based on currently available medical literature. It is recommended that these guidelines be debated vigorously by the scientific community and that evidence-based guidelines be developed by the medical community in conjunction with professional boxing and MMA governing bodies.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2017-10-24 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/3235
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 29 No. 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/4255
2020-04-17T10:32:56Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180727 2018 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2018/v30i1a4255
doi
dc
Neurologist at ringside-to be or not to be?
Sethi, N
Background: Ringside physicians are entrusted with the task of protecting the health and safety of combat sports (boxing and mixed martial arts) athletes. Ringside physicians come from various disciplines of medicine such as primary care, Internal Medicine, orthopaedics, sports medicine and even otolaryngology. There are very few neurologists who work as ringside physicians.
Discussion: Boxing and MMA are highly controversial sports for neurologists to be involved in for in these sports every punch and kick to the head is thrown with the intention of knocking the opponent out. Every punch and kick to the head is thrown with the intention to win via causing a concussion. Many neurologists thus feel it is unethical to support boxing by working as a ringside physician.
Conclusion: Boxing and MMA are universally thought to be detrimental to the brain and nearly all medical associations at various times have made calls to ban boxing and MMA altogether. While medical associations and physicians including neurologists may not support boxing or MMA, the presence of a neurologist ringside or cageside helps make these sports safer by protecting the health and safety of a combat sports athlete.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2018-03-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/4255
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 30 No. 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/4854
2020-04-17T10:32:56Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180326 2018 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2018/v30i1a3401
doi
dc
Preventing the seemingly unpreventable – challenging the return-to-play criteria for recurrent hamstring strain prevention
Craddock, N
Buchholtz, K
Background: Hamstring strains are one of the most common injuries in sport. Previous injury has been found to be one of the greatest risk factors associated with recurrent hamstring strains. Although rehabilitation programmes have been developed and implemented to aid safe and efficient return-to-play, the incidence of hamstring injuries has not decreased.
Discussion: As hamstring strains most commonly occur during the eccentric phase of muscle action, rehabilitation should focus on eccentric muscle strengthening. The L-protocol and the Nordic Hamstring Exercise protocol strengthen the hamstring muscles eccentrically. They have been found to be effective in decreasing the incidence of new hamstring strains as well as the rate of recurrence. This commentary therefore aims to suggest changes to the return-to-play criteria following hamstring strains to prevent the seemingly unpreventable.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2018-03-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/4854
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 30 No. 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/5127
2020-02-13T12:21:11Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180518 2018 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/5127
doi
dc
A practical guide to the use of nutritional supplements in South Africa
Kohler, R
.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2005-05-18 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/5127
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 17 No. 3 (2005)
eng
Copyright (c) 0
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/6035
2020-02-13T11:16:53Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"190211 2019 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/6035
doi
dc
On the inherent bias in the 2011 and 2012 Super Rugby tournament format
Karpul, D
Fifteen regional rugby union teams compete for the Super Rugby title – five each from Australia, South Africa and New Zealand. In 2011, significant changes were made to the tournament format and these were continued in 2012. The new changes created an inherent bias, favouring teams that are strong relative to their conference, regardless of their overall strength. It is shown using logic and numerical results from simulations that teams that are weaker are able to unfairly progress to higher positions on the competition log at the end of the ‘regular’ season. The bias arises as a result of teams playing more matches against teams within their conference than other teams within the competition, and therefore the final log position represents a team’s strength relative to their own conference more than their overall strength. In the face of this evidence the tournament format should be altered to re-align with the primary goal of determining the best team in the competition. Should the tournament organisers choose not to change the tournament format, it would not be unreasonable for them to face criticism for failing to implement measures to ensure fairness to each team within the competition.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2012-06-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/6035
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 24 No. 2 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/6369
2020-04-16T08:26:29Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"191003 2019 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2019/v31i1a6369
doi
dc
Ketone body supplement label claims: what supplement has been supplemented?
Da Costa, D
University of KwaZulu-Natal
Bangalee, V
Subban, K
Naidoo, R
University of KwaZulu-NatalDiscipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences
Background: There is a keen interest in performance-enhancing supplementation and the associated benefits, despite reports of incorrect label claims made by manufacturers and the questionable efficacy of the supplements. The use of ketone body supplements as a source of fuel during exercise and sporting performance, in particular, is of interest to sportspeople. By increasing blood ketone body levels, with an accompanying decrease in blood glucose, may indicate a state of nutritional ketosis, whereby the body no longer relies on glucose metabolism but rather the metabolism of ketone bodies. This could be beneficial for long, slow steady-state endurance exercise.
Discussion: There are numerous ketone body supplements on the market manufactured in South Africa and internationally. However, unlike medicines, the sports supplementation industry is poorly regulated. Furthermore, ketone body supplementation with regard to its effects on improving exercise and athletic performance is still unconvincing.
Conclusion: Within the ever-changing sports supplementation industry, ketone body supplements are being used despite controversies regarding the accuracy and scientific merit of label claims. The ingredients and their quantities, as well as the performance benefits, need to be objectively validated.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2019-02-21 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/6369
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 31 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/6401
2020-04-16T08:26:29Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"190729 2019 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2019/v31i1a6401
doi
dc
Teams with lower injury rates have greater success in the Currie Cup rugby union competition
Starling, L
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-6908
Background: Professional football teams that rank high on the log at the end of the season generally have fewer injuries than teams that rank lower on the log. This highlights the importance of implementing injury prevention measures, not only to protect player welfare and ensure their longevity in the sport, but also to improve the performance of the team. The association between a low incidence of injury and superior performance during a season may be even more relevant in sports with a higher incidence of injury than football, such as rugby union.
Discussion: To examine this association in the South African Currie Cup rugby union competition, time-loss (≥ 1 day training/match play missed) injury data and final position in the competition was examined over five-seasons. Teams who ranked in 1st position had significantly lower average injury rates than teams who ranked in last position [48 injuries per 1 000 player hours (95% C.I 20 to 76) vs 130 injuries per 1 000 player hours (95% C.I 79 to 180)]. More specifically, the team with the lowest injury rate in each season ranked in 1st or 2nd position. This team performance aspect of injury prevention should be highlighted more. In particular, this should be used to assist with communicating the importance of injury prevention programmes to stakeholders directly involved with budgetary allocations in the team.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2019-02-21 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/6401
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 31 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/7426
2020-06-18T07:11:21Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200611 2020 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2020/v32i1a7426
doi
dc
Testosterone boosters: a report of a supplement’s misleading labelling claims
De Lange, Rudi Wynand
Tshwane University of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0008-0998
This paper illustrates how labelling claims of a testosterone booster supplement mislead consumers. The labelling claims misappropriate scientific terminology, exaggerate and misrepresent research as evidence for the product’s purported efficacy.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2020-02-06 08:00:51
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/7426
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/7596
2020-03-17T10:04:34Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200317 2020 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2020/v32i1a7596
doi
dc
Brace yourselves: esports is coming
Kemp, Chadley
University of Cape Town https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9159-9474
Pienaar, Paula
University of Cape Town https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-3688
Rae, Dale
University of Cape Town https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2584-6585
Background: Competitive gaming (or esports) is an emerging phenomenon with a field of over 454 million fans globally. Despite its tremendous popularity and commercial support, esports is not widely understood. It is also disregarded as a reputable or credible form of competition. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) contends that esports may be considered a sporting activity, but this is limited to the basis of its sedentary nature and poor governance.
Discussion: These authors present evidence to inform and clarify misconceptions surrounding esports among the broader scientific community. They also encourage researchers to engage in further work into the phenomenon of competitive gaming with regard to health and performance, resulting in a better understanding of esports and guiding its development as a credible, competitive entity.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2020-02-06 08:00:51
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/7596
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/7918
2020-06-22T08:27:50Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200622 2020 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2020/v32i1a7918
doi
dc
Why are there no platypuses at the Olympics?: A teleological case for athletes with disorders of sexual development to compete within their sex category
Gamble, Nathan
University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, University of London http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-1994
Pruski, Michal
Critical Care Science Team, Oxford Road Site, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-1418
In mid-2019, the controversy regarding South African runner Caster Semenya’s eligibility to participate in competitions against other female runners culminated in a Court of Arbitration for Sport judgement. Semenya possessed high endogenous testosterone levels (arguably a performance advantage), secondary to a disorder of sexual development. In this commentary, Aristotelean teleology is used to defend the existence of ‘male’ and ‘female’ as discrete categories. It is argued that once the athlete’s sex is established, they should be allowed to compete in the category of their sex without obligatory medical treatment. Indeed, other athletes who possess advantageous genetic or phenotypic traits that fall outside of the human norm have been allowed to compete as humans without restraint. In both cases, if an athlete possesses the essential attributes of being a human or being male or female they should be permitted to compete in those respective categories; athletes’ eligibilities should not be based upon accidental attributes.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2020-02-06 08:00:51
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/7918
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/8310
2020-05-19T08:58:43Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200519 2020 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2020/v32i1a8310
doi
dc
‘Make exercise the elixir across an economic divide’: A message to COVID-19 decision makers
Patricios, Jon
Faculty of health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-4098
Saggers, Robin
1. Wits Institute for Sport and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-8049
van Zuydam, Jarrad
University of the Witwatersrand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-1290
Gelbart, Brad
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2024-0442
South Africa, like other countries around the world, has used a lockdown strategy to address the initial phases of the COVID- 19 epidemic. The significant restrictions on population movement have included initially limiting exercise to the home. There is substantial evidence for the many benefits of exercise. This study specifically emphasises the benefits of exercise to the immune system, particularly for those most vulnerable to the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and proposes measures to improve access to exercise in a demographically diverse and economically disparate society.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2020-02-06 08:00:51
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/8310
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/8967
2020-10-28T08:59:17Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"201028 2020 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2020/v32i1a8967
doi
dc
Changing player behaviour in sport during the COVID-19 pandemic: Shake on it?
McKenna, Jim
Leeds Beckett University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6779-3939
Backhouse, Susan
Leeds Beckett University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4810-5173
Phillips, Gemma
The Rugby Football League https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-0677
Jones, Ben
Leeds Beckett University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4274-6236
To prevent the spread of infection during matches and training activities is a major challenge facing all sports returning from the enforced COVID-19 shutdown. During training and matches, rugby league players make contact with others which can result in SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission. While these interactions characterise the appeal of the game, a number of them can be avoided, including shaking hands and conversing after the match. This paper presents a framework underpinned by behavioural science (capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour model, COM-B) to support stakeholders in helping players adopt new social distance norms and behaviours. This framework helps to ensure the players have the capability, opportunity, and motivation to adopt new COVID-19 risk minimising behaviours, which they will need to commit to 100%.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2020-02-06 08:00:51
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/8967
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/8993
2020-11-12T05:30:48Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"201112 2020 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2020/v32i1a8993
doi
dc
Swimming during COVID-19: Operational recommendations and considerations for South African swimming venues
Hill, Lee
University of Cape Town https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2092-318X
Nikolaidis, Pantelis
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-7122
Knechtle, Beat
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-9103
Swimming is one of the most popular recreational activities in South Africa. Since the emergence of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), South Africa imposed one of the strictest lockdown measures to contain and control the spread of the virus. These measures included the closure of gyms, fitness centres and swimming pools across the country. However, as the restrictions begin to ease, it is important to consider how swimming facilities can reopen whilst simultaneously ensuring appropriate measures are in place to reduce COVID-19 infections. Outlined are recommendations and considerations for swimming facilities in South Africa. Currently there is no evidence to suggest that COVID-19 transmission to humans is possible through water, making swimming one of the safer options for physical activity indoors. However, participation is still not without risk and compliance with government mandates and public health officials take precedent over the recommendations outlined in this article.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2020-02-06 08:00:51
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/8993
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/16352
2023-09-14T09:30:48Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"230914 2023 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2023/v35i1a16352
doi
dc
Getting psyched up: Developing the field of Sport and Exercise Psychiatry in South Africa
Burger, James
University of Cape Town https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-5019
Mafuze, Bonginkosi
University of KwaZulu Natal https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9561-7045
Elite athletes and their entourage are exposed to intense stressors and commonly experience mental health symptoms and disorders. While there is limited literature on prevalence rates in a South African setting, initial data show that both current and retired athletes may experience these symptoms, but with low treatment rates. There is a need to improve mental health literacy and mental health care in athletes. Athletes may benefit from systematic mental health surveillance and additional screening during high-risk periods, such as injury or retirement. This commentary brings athlete mental health into focus and advocates for the inclusion of sport and exercise psychiatry into the athlete entourage and broader mental health team, in order to close the treatment gap. We provide seven recommendations for the initial way forward for sport and exercise psychiatry in South Africa.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2023-01-31 07:32:18
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/16352
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 35 No. 1 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 South African Journal of Sports Medicine
oai:journals.assaf.org.za:article/16376
2023-12-20T15:10:44Z
sajsm:Com
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"231220 2023 eng "
2078-516X
1015-5163
10.17159/2078-516X/2023/v35i1a16376
doi
dc
The World Rugby and International Rugby Players Contact Load Guidelines: From conception to implementation and the future
Starling, Lindsay
University of Bath https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-6908
Tucker, Ross
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4294-4822
Ken Quarrie
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-8489
Schmidt, Joe
Omar Hassanien
Smith, Conrad
Sharron Flahive
Morris, Calvin
Lancaster, Stuart
Stephen Mellalieu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-3328
Curran, Orlaith
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3158-9335
Gill, Nic
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7514-2837
Wesley Clarke
Phil Davies
Harrington, Mark
Falvey, Éanna
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-1805
Managing training load in rugby union is crucial for optimising performance and injury prevention. Contact training warrants attention because of higher overall injury and head impact risk, yet players must develop physical, technical, and mental skills to withstand the demands of the game. To help coaches manage contact loads in professional rugby, World Rugby and International Rugby Players convened an expert working group. They conducted a global survey with players to develop contact load guidelines. This commentary aims to describe the contact load guidelines and their implementation, and identify areas where future work is needed to support their evolution.
South African Sports Medicine Association
2023-01-31 07:32:18
application/pdf
https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/16376
South African Journal of Sports Medicine; Vol. 35 No. 1 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 South African Journal of Sports Medicine