Prevalence and risk factors of non-specific low back pain among amateur overhead athletes in Gauteng Province

Abstract

Background: Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is prevalent among athletes engaged in repetitive overhead movements, often linked to sport-specific biomechanical demands. However, research on its prevalence and risk factors in South African amateur athletes is limited, despite the high participation in sports.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NSLBP and identify sport-specific risk factors among amateur overhead athletes in Gauteng Province, addressing a critical gap in the literature.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 52 amateur overhead athletes aged 18 and above who participated in volleyball, basketball, netball, soccer goalkeeping, tennis, and swimming. Data collection included self-reported NSLBP prevalence, clinical tests for scapular dyskinesia (SD) and latissimus dorsi flexibility, and the Keele STarT Back Screening Tool. Statistical analysis examined the associations between NSLBP, SD, and sport-specific factors.

Results: NSLBP prevalence was 25%, with volleyball (33%) and basketball (30%) athletes most affected. Scapular dyskinesia was observed in 48% of participants, particularly grades 1 and 2. Reduced latissimus dorsi flexibility was present in 40% of athletes and was significantly correlated with scapular dyskinesia (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The study successfully met its objectives by identifying the prevalence of NSLBP and sport-specific risk factors among amateur overhead athletes. Findings emphasise the importance of targeted interventions focusing on scapular function and muscle flexibility to reduce NSLBP incidence. These insights provide valuable guidance for clinical practice and preventive strategies.