@article{Zhang_Carter_Schumacker_Neggers_Curtner-Smith,_Richardson_Green_Bishop_2014, title={Effect of caffeine ingestion on fluid balance during exercise in the heat and during recovery}, volume={26}, url={https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sajsm/article/view/395}, DOI={10.7196/SAJSM.513}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Background.</strong> The effect of ingestion of a common stimulant, caffeine, on fluid balance during exercise and recovery is not fully known. </p><p><strong>Objectives.</strong> To determine the effect of caffeine on fluid balance during exercise in the heat and during a 3-hour recovery period thereafter. </p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> In a randomised, controlled design, caffeine-naive participants (<em>N</em>=8) pedalled on a bike to achieve 2.5% baseline body mass loss in a hot environment in four separate conditions: with (C+) or without (C–) caffeine ingestion (6 mg/kg of body mass) prior to exercise, followed by (W+) or without (W–) 100% fluid replenishment (water) of the body mass loss during a 3-hour recovery period (yielding C+W+, C+W–, C–W+ and C–W–, respectively). </p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Mean (standard deviation) urine production was not different (<em>p</em>>0.05) regardless of rehydration status: 230 (162) mL (C+W–) v. 168 (77) mL (C–W–); and 713 (201) mL (C+W+) v. 634 (185) mL (C–W+). For the 3-hour recovery, caffeine ingestion caused higher hypohydration during rehydration conditions (<em>p</em>=0.02), but practically the mean difference in the loss of body mass was only 0.2 kg. </p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> In practical terms, there was no evidence that caffeine ingestion in moderation would impair fluid balance during prolonged exercise in the heat or during 3 hours of recovery.</p>}, number={2}, journal={South African Journal of Sports Medicine}, author={Zhang, Yang and Carter, S J and Schumacker, R E and Neggers, Y H and Curtner-Smith, M D and Richardson, M T and Green, J M and Bishop, P A}, year={2014}, month={Jun.}, pages={43–47} }