Improving the efficiency of evidence-based interventions: The strengths and limitations of randomised controlled trials

Authors

  • Mark Tomlinson Stellenbosch University
  • Catherine L Ward University of Cape Town
  • Marguerite Marlow Stellenbosch University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2015/i51a775

Keywords:

Evidence-based interventions, randomised controlled trials, clinical practice

Abstract

Globally, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly seen as the gold standard of programme evaluation, representing the best way to determine whether new interventions are effective – but they are not without limitations. In this article, we discuss the phases of scientific discovery and the research standards that are necessary before scaling up interventions. We also outline the core characteristics of RCTs, such as randomisation, efficacy and effectiveness, and discuss the benefits of using the RCT as the standard of intervention evaluation. We discuss how ‘realist’ evaluation contributes to what policymakers need to know in order to make a decision about an evaluation and alternatives to the RCT, such as stepped wedge, regression discontinuity, non-randomised cohort, and time series designs.

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Author Biographies

  • Mark Tomlinson, Stellenbosch University
    Department of Psychology
  • Catherine L Ward, University of Cape Town
    Department of Psychology and the Safety and Violence Initiative
  • Marguerite Marlow, Stellenbosch University
    Department of Psychology

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Published

2015-03-08

Issue

Section

Research articles