Plasmablastic lymphoma: a case report

Authors

  • SP Mpungose Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2531-720X
  • M Mashamba Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/sadj.v79i04.16793

Keywords:

Epstein Barr Virus, Plasmablastic lymphoma, Lymphoma, Virus oncogenic potential

Abstract

A male patient presented at the University of Witwatersrand with a rapidly growing mass on the palate extending across to the buccal aspect. The growth had a history of three months and presented with symptoms of pain together with spontaneous bleeding. Examination revealed that the patient was a smoker and tested seropositive for HIV despite being unaware of the condition.
Radiographic bone loss is evident on a panoramic radiograph and clinically corelated by grade three mobility of involved teeth. The biopsy revealed a definitive diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma which is linked to oncogenesis potential of Epstein Barr virus. Presented in this paper is a case study of an HIV positive male who developed plasmablastic lymphoma.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Escalante, G. M., Mutsvunguma, L. Z., Muniraju, M., Rodriguez, E., & Ogembo, J. G. (2022). Four Decades of Prophylactic EBV Vaccine Research: A Systematic Review and Historical Perspective. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 867918. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.867918

Heawchaiyaphum, C., Iizasa, H., Ekalaksananan, T., Burassakarn, A., Kiyono, T., Kanehiro, Y., Yoshiyama, H., & Pientong, C. (2020). Epstein–Barr Virus Infection of Oral Squamous Cells. Microorganisms, 8(3), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030419

Lezzoni, J. C., Gaffey, M. J., & Weiss, L. M. (1995). The Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinomas. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 103(3), 308–315. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/103.3.308

Niedobitek, G., Agathanggelou, A., Herbst, H., Whitehead, L., Wright, D. H., & Young, L. S. (1997). EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) INFECTION IN INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS: VIRUS LATENCY, REPLICATION AND PHENOTYPE OF EBV-INFECTED CELLS. The Journal of Pathology, 182(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199706)182:2<151:AID-ATH824>3.0.CO;2-3

Bu, G.-L., Xie, C., Kang, Y.-F., Zeng, M.-S., & Sun, C. (2022). How EBV Infects: The Tropism and Underlying Molecular Mechanism for Viral Infection. Viruses, 14(11), 2372. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14112372

Amon, W., & Farrell, P. J. (2005). Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus from latency. Reviews in Medical Virology, 15(3), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.456

Slots, J., Saygun, I., Sabeti, M., & Kubar, A. (2006). Epstein–Barr virus in oral diseases. Journal of Periodontal Research, 41(4), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00865.x

Singh, D. R., Nelson, S. E., Pawelski, A. S., Cantres-Velez, J. A., Kansra, A. S., Pauly, N. P., Bristol, J. A., Hayes, M., Ohashi, M., Casco, A., Lee, D., Fogarty, S. A., Lambert, P. F., Johannsen, E. C., & Kenney, S. C. (2022). Type 1 and Type 2 Epstein Barr viruses induce proliferation, and inhibit differentiation, in infected telomerase immortalized normal oral keratinocytes. PLoS Pathogens, 18(10), e1010868.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010868

Guidry, J., Birdwell, C., & Scott, R. (2018). Epstein–Barr virus in the pathogenesis of oral cancers. Oral Diseases, 24(4), 497–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12656

Lupo, J., Truffot, A., Andreani, J., Habib, M., Epaulard, O., Morand, P., & Germi, R. (2023). Virological Markers in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Diseases. Viruses, 15(3), 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030656

Rezk, S. A., & Weiss, L. M. (2019). EBV–Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Surgical Pathology Clinics, 12(3), 745–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.path.2019.03.002

Hue, S. S.-S., Oon, M. L., Wang, S., Tan, S.-Y., & Ng, S.-B. (2020). Epstein–Barr virus-associated T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases: An update and diagnostic approach. Pathology, 52(1), 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2019.09.011

Smith, N. A., Coleman, C. B., Gewurz, B. E., & Rochford, R. (2020). CD21 (Complement Receptor 2) Is the Receptor for Epstein-Barr Virus Entry into T Cells. Journal of Virology, 94(11), e00428-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00428-20

Leight, E. R., & Sugden, B. (2000). EBNA-1: A protein pivotal to latent infection by Epstein–Barr virus. Reviews in Medical Virology, 10(2), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1654(200003/04)10:2<83::AID-RMV262>3.0.CO;2-T

Allday, M. j., Sinclair, A., Parker, G., Crawford, D. h., & Farrell, P. j. (1995). Epstein-Barr virus efficiently immortalizes human B cells without neutralizing the function of p53. The EMBO Journal, 14(7), 1382–1391. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.

tb07124.x

Leucci, E., Cocco, M., Onnis, A., De Falco, G., van Cleef, P., Bellan, C., van Rijk, A., Nyagol, J., Byakika, B., Lazzi, S., Tosi, P., van Krieken, H., & Leoncini, L. (2008). MYC translocation-negative classical Burkitt lymphoma cases: An alternative pathogenetic mechanism involving miRNA deregulation. The Journal of Pathology, 216(4), 440–450. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.2410

Porter, S. R., Dios, P. D., Kumar, N., Stock, C., Barrett, A. W., & Scully, C. (1999). Oral plasmablastic lymphoma in previously undiagnosed HIV disease. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 87(6), 730–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(99)70170-8

Meer, S., Perner, Y., McAlpine, E. D., & Willem, P. (2020). Extraoral plasmablastic lymphomas in a high human immunodeficiency virus endemic area. Histopathology, 76(2), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13964

Rezk, S. A., & Weiss, L. M. (2019). EBV–Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Surgical Pathology Clinics, 12(3), 745–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.path.2019.03.002

Escalante, G. M., Mutsvunguma, L. Z., Muniraju, M., Rodriguez, E., & Ogembo, J. G. (2022). Four Decades of Prophylactic EBV Vaccine Research: A Systematic Review and Historical Perspective. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 867918. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.867918

Downloads

Published

2024-07-12

How to Cite

Mpungose, S., & Mashamba, M. (2024). Plasmablastic lymphoma: a case report. South African Dental Journal, 79(04), 207–211. https://doi.org/10.17159/sadj.v79i04.16793