Oral Presentation of Haematological Disease: Part II – Iron Deficiency Anaemia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17159/sadj.v79i06.18081Keywords:
reticuloendothelia, redox, iron-tannateAbstract
Iron deficiency anaemia may be responsible for diverse oral mucosa changes due to the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells, but also due to changes in the oral mucosal structure and defence mechanisms. This study aims to report on three patients with iron deficiency anaemia who presented with distinct oral mucosal clinical features.
Downloads
References
1. McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, Wojdyla D, de Benoist B. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993-2005. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(4):444-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008002401
2. Snook J, Bhala N, Beales ILP, Cannings D, Kightley C, Logan RP, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia in adults. Gut. 2021;70(11):2030-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325210
3. Alleyne M, Horne MK, Miller JL. Individualized treatment for iron-deficiency anemia in adults. Am J Med. 2008;121(11):943-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.07.012
4. Coad J, Pedley K. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 2014;244:82-9; discussion 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2014.936694
5. Pasricha SR, Tye-Din J, Muckenthaler MU, Swinkels DW. Iron deficiency. Lancet. 2021;397(10270):233-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32594-0
6. Zhu A, Kaneshiro M, Kaunitz JD. Evaluation and treatment of iron deficiency anemia: a gastroenterological perspective. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(3):548-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-009-1108-6
7. Kumar A, Brookes MJ. Iron Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients. 2020;12(11). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113478
8. Monsen ER, Hallberg L, Layrisse M, Hegsted DM, Cook JD, Mertz W, et al. Estimation of available dietary iron. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978;31(1):134-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/31.1.134
9. Kumar A, Sharma E, Marley A, Samaan MA, Brookes MJ. Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2022;9(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000759
10. Gulec S, Anderson GJ, Collins JF. Mechanistic and regulatory aspects of intestinal iron absorption. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2014;307(4):G397-409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00348.2013
11. Hallberg L, Rossander L, Skånberg AB. Phytates and the inhibitory effect of bran on iron absorption in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987;45(5):988-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/45.5.988
12. Disler PB, Lynch SR, Charlton RW, Torrance JD, Bothwell TH, Walker RB, et al. The effect of tea on iron absorption. Gut. 1975;16(3):193-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.16.3.193
13. Perron NR, Brumaghim JL. A review of the antioxidant mechanisms of polyphenol compounds related to iron binding. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2009;53(2):75-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-009-9043-x
14. Ganz T. Cellular iron: ferroportin is the only way out. Cell Metab. 2005;1(3):155-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2005.02.005
15. Beard JL. Iron biology in immune function, muscle metabolism and neuronal functioning. J Nutr. 2001;131(2s-2):568S-79S; discussion 80S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.2.568S
16. Ganz T. Systemic iron homeostasis. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(4):1721-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00008.2013
17. Ganz T, Nemeth E. Iron sequestration and anemia of inflammation. Semin Hematol. 2009;46(4):387-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2009.06.001
18. Organisation WH. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity.; 2011.
19. Goddard AF, James MW, McIntyre AS, Scott BB. Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Gut. 2011;60(10):1309-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2010.228874
20. Akpınar H, Çetiner M, Keshav S, Örmeci N, Törüner M. Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal bleeding: iron deficiency anemia working group consensus report. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2017;28(2):81-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2017.17593
21. Ferrara M, Capozzi L, Russo R. Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection associated with iron deficiency anaemia on growth in pre-adolescent children. Hematology. 2009;14(3):173-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/102453309X402287
22. Sharma VR, Brannon MA, Carloss EA. Effect of omeprazole on oral iron replacement in patients with iron deficiency anemia. South Med J. 2004;97(9):887-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.SMJ.0000110405.63179.69
23. Tempel M, Chawla A, Messina C, Celiker MY. Effects of omeprazole on iron absorption: preliminary study. Turk J Haematol. 2013;30(3):307-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4274/tjh.2013.0042
24. McCracken E, Wood GC, Prichard W, Bistrian B, Still C, Gerhard G, et al. Severe anemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a cause for concern. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2018;14(7):902-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2018.03.026
25. Barabino A. Helicobacter pylori-related iron deficiency anemia: a review. Helicobacter. 2002;7(2):71-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1083-4389.2002.00073.x
26. Hershko C, Ianculovich M, Souroujon M. A hematologist’s view of unexplained iron deficiency anemia in males: impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2007;38(1):45-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcmd.2006.09.006
27. Choe YH, Kim SK, Son BK, Lee DH, Hong YC, Pai SH. Randomized placebo controlled trial of Helicobacter pylori eradication for iron-deficiency anemia in preadolescent children and adolescents. Helicobacter. 1999;4(2):135-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.1999.98066.x
28. Yuan W, Li Y, Yang K, Ma B, Guan Q, Wang D, et al. Iron deficiency anemia in Helicobacter pylori infection: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010;45(6):665-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521003663670
29. Qu XH, Huang XL, Xiong P, Zhu CY, Huang YL, Lu LG, et al. Does Helicobacter pylori infection play a role in iron deficiency anemia? A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(7):886-96.
30. Santos MLC, de Brito BB, da Silva FAF, Sampaio MM, Marques HS, Oliveira ESN, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection: Beyond gastric manifestations. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(28):4076-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i28.4076
31. Best LM, Takwoingi Y, Siddique S, Selladurai A, Gandhi A, Low B, et al. Non-invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;3(3):Cd012080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012080.pub2
32. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain CA, Gisbert JP, Kuipers EJ, Axon AT, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report. Gut. 2017;66(1):6-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312288
33. Wang J, Zhang G, Hu X, Liu Y, Bao Z, Huang Y. Two-week triple therapy has a higher Helicobacter pylori eradication rate than 1-week therapy: A single-center randomized study. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(6):355-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-3767.170951
34. Elad S, Zadik Y, Caton JG, Epstein JB. Oral mucosal changes associated with primary diseases in other body systems. Periodontol 2000. 2019;80(1):28-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12265
35. Lu S-Y. Perception of iron deficiency from oral mucosa alterations that show a high prevalence of Candida infection. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2016;115(8):619-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2016.03.011
36. Lu SY, Wu HC. Initial diagnosis of anemia from sore mouth and improved classification of anemias by MCV and RDW in 30 patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;98(6):679-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.01.006
37. Alsheikh E, Amr E, Zahran F. Prevalence of Oral Manifestations of Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Sample of Egyptian Population, Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Advanced Dental Journal. 2019;1(3):64-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/adjc.2019.14315.1024
38. Shrotriya Anuj SA. Correlation between Oral Manifestations with their Hematologic values in Iron Deficiency Anemia. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research. 2018;6(9):80-3.
39. Jaber HKJ, Husseien HA, Hashim Al Qudsi G. The prevalence of oral manifestations of Iron Deficiency Anemia in patients attending to College of Dentistry. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists. 2023;33(4):1342-5.
40. Wu Y-C, Wang Y-P, Chang JY-F, Cheng S-J, Chen H-M, Sun A. Oral manifestations and blood profile in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2014;113(2):83-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2013.11.010
41. Rennie JS, MacDonald DG, Dagg JH. Iron and the oral epithelium: a review. J R Soc Med. 1984;77(7):602-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014107688407700714
42. Chi AC, Neville BW, Krayer JW, Gonsalves WC. Oral manifestations of systemic disease. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(11):1381-8.
43. Nayak P, Nayak S, Donoghue M. Prevalence and oral manifestations of iron defciency anemia: A short study. Medico- legal update. 2011;11:35-7.
44. Wu YC, Wu YH, Wang YP, Chang JY, Chen HM, Sun A. Hematinic deficiencies and anemia statuses in recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients with or without atrophic glossitis. J Formos Med Assoc. 2016;115(12):1061-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2016.10.007
45. Lopez-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, Martos N. Hematological study of patients with aphthous stomatitis. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53(2):159-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05751.x
46. Wray D, Ferguson MM, Mason DK, Hutcheon AW, Dagg JH. Recurrent aphthae: treatment with vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron. Br Med J. 1975;2(5969):490-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5969.490
47. Chiang CP, Yu-Fong Chang J, Wang YP, Wu YH, Wu YC, Sun A. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis - Etiology, serum autoantibodies, anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and management. J Formos Med Assoc. 2019;118(9):1279-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2018.10.023
48. Wray D, Ferguson MM, Hutcheon WA, Dagg JH. Nutritional deficiencies in recurrent aphthae. J Oral Pathol. 1978;7(6):418-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1978.tb01612.x
49. Compilato D, Carroccio A, Calvino F, Di Fede G, Campisi G. Haematological deficiencies in patients with recurrent aphthosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(6):667-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03482.x
50. Reinisch W, Staun M, Bhandari S, Muñoz M. State of the iron: how to diagnose and efficiently treat iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7(6):429-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2012.07.031
51. Goldberg ND. Iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2013;6:61-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S43493
52. Koulaouzidis A, Said E, Cottier R, Saeed AA. Soluble transferrin receptors and iron deficiency, a step beyond ferritin. A systematic review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2009;18(3):345-52.
53. Camaschella C. Iron deficiency. Blood. 2019;133(1):30-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-05-815944
54. Wang C, Graham DJ, Kane RC, Xie D, Wernecke M, Levenson M, et al. Comparative Risk of Anaphylactic Reactions Associated With Intravenous Iron Products. Jama. 2015;314(19):2062-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.15572
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
.png){kind=spacer}