The needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder when transitioning into the labour market

Abstract

Introduction: South Africa, like other regions of the world, has an increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The transition of these individuals into the labour market is of concern. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of individuals with ASD and their parents in terms of their unmet needs in relation to transitioning into the labour market and the role an occupational therapist can play. 
Methods: A qualitative explorative descriptive research method was used. Purposive sampling selected young adults with ASD currently or previously employed in the open labour market. Data were collected using email interviews with individuals with ASD and face to face interviews with their parents. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. 
Results: Two themes were identified: Transitioning was really hard, and Occupational therapists can do more. The results emphasised the lack of services in preparing adults with ASD for finding and maintaining employment, as well as suggestions for the role of occupational therapy in facilitating prevocational skills, job seeking skills and supported employment. 
Conclusion: There is a lack of services for individuals with ASD transitioning into the labour market particularly in relation to vocational orientation and rehabilitation. Occupational therapists are ideally situated to provide services to meet needs of individuals with ASD transitioning into the world of work. 
Implications for practice
Occupational therapists need to play a role in developing vocational rehabilitation services in preparation of individuals with ASD into the labour market.
There is a need to investigate what is currently offered and what can be added regarding occupational therapy programs supporting transition from school into employment for individuals with ASD in South Africa.
Vocational rehabilitation services and transition programs should be developed in conjunction with individuals with ASD to ensure issues that are relevant to the population of individuals with ASD are addressed.