Reflections on simulated learning experiences of occupational therapy students in a clinical skills unit at an institution of higher learning

Abstract

Background: Global and national changes in healthcare create challenges in providing suitable and quality fieldwork placements for
the skills training of undergraduate health professions students. The department of occupational therapy (OT) at a Higher Education
Institute (HEI) in South Africa decided in 2013 to incorporate simulated learning experiences as part of the new curriculum for secondyear
occupational therapy students. Two staff members of the Department of OT trained by an international institution of higher
education in the use of simulation during teaching were involved. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences
of those students who had benefitted from simulated learning in the Clinical Skills Unit (CSU) to improve on this method of obtaining
clinical assessment skills.
Methods: A qualitative methodology was used to describe the reflections of the second-year occupational therapy students of the years
2013 and 2014 (81 students) on the simulated learning of assessment procedures which took place in the CSU.
Results: Four themes and ten sub-themes were identified from the content analysis of the reflections, namely (i) personal experience
(personal emotions, initial stress, confidence) (ii) Teaching and Learning clinical assessment skills (communication, occupational
performance components [OPC] and occupational performance activities [OPA]); (iii) professional skills (therapeutic use of self, cooperative
learning) and (iv) benefits and challenges of presenting simulated learning experiences (benefits, criticisms).
Conclusions: Occupational therapy students reported a positive experience and satisfaction with learning from the simulated
experiences, which succeeded in creating a "safe" learning environment for them and opportunities to hone their clinical assessment
skills prior to their first clinical fieldwork placement. Challenges associated with simulated learning experiences (SLE) were found to be:
the need for clearer instructions; the number of assessments covered and the provision of a time frame to complete each task. There
was consensual agreement in the department that SLE in the CSU will supplement fieldwork placements and contribute to attainment
of assessment skills prior to fieldwork placements. It is recommended that current occupational therapy lecturing staff, trained in the
use of simulation techniques, develop a manual for the planning of SLE and present training sessions to other staff. The manual may
also be of value to other institutions of higher learning in South Africa.

Keywords: Simulated learning experiences, clinical skills learning, undergraduate education