Teachers’ strategies to develop leadership skills in Foundation Phase learners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17159/w49qyt10Keywords:
Foundation Phase learner, leadership, skills, teaching and learning, transformationalAbstract
This research paper focused on the strategies employed by teachers in the development of leadership skills in learners at the Foundation Phase. The study aimed at exploring the strategies which teachers employ in developing Foundation Phase learners to embrace sound leadership attributes as young learners must develop and assume leadership roles at an early stage. A purposive sampling procedure was followed to select eight Grade 3 teachers from four government primary schools. The study was qualitative in nature and data were collected through focus-group discussions, capacity building workshops and observations. Data were merged into relevant themes using thematic analysis. The study was grounded in participatory action research with Erikson theory of psychosocial development and transformational leadership theory as its theoretical framework. The main finding was that the strategies suggested and adopted by the participating teachers in the development of leadership skills in the Foundation Phase showed a significant effect on the learners' behaviour, performance, willingness and readiness to perform in various leadership roles.
References
Barthold, S.K. (2014) The Emergence of Leadership in Young Learners: The Role of Play, Athletics and School. Senior Theses Claremont: McKenna College, http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc-theses/859 (Accessed 18 June 2015).
Bass, B. & Stogdill, R. (1990) Bass & Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership. 1st ed. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B.M. & Bass, R. (2008) The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications. 4th ed. New York, NY: Free Press.
Bush, T. (2011) Theories of Educational Leadership and Management. 4th ed. London: Sage.
Cahill, H., Beadle, S., Farrelly, A., Forster, R. & Smith, K. (2014) Building resilience in children and young people. Youth Research Centre, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, pp.16-21 (Accessed 26 December 2020).
Charmaz, K. (2000) Grounded Theory, Objectivist and Constructivist Methods. In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Ed.). Handbook of Qualitative Research. 2nd ed. London: Sage.
Carmichael, S. (2016) Five Student Leadership Qualities to Practice in your Classroom. https://www. classcraft.com/blog/features/5-student-leadership qualities/ (Accessed: 27 December 2020).
Cherry, K. (2021) The Concrete Operational Stage of Cognitive Development. https://www.verywellmind. com/concrete-operational-stage-of-cognitive-development-2795458 (Accessed: 09 January 2021).
Creswell, J.W. 2013. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods. 4th ed. Thousand Oak: Sage Publication.
Denmark, V. (2012) Transformational Leadership - a matter of Perspective: a Behaviorial Approach. Journal of Management Review 25(2) pp.237-248.
Department of Basic Education (DBE). (2011) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS). Government Printing: Pretoria.
Department of Education (DoE). (2008) Foundations for Learning. Government Gazette, 513:2008. Government Printing: Pretoria.
Darling-Hammond, L. (2012) Creating a Comprehensive System for Evaluating and Supporting Effective Teaching. Stanford, CA. Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education (On-line). http://edpolicy. stanford-edu/sites/default/files/publications/.../pdf (Accessed 9 July 2018).
Education World. (2021) Strategies for Teaching Students Leadership Skills. https://www.educationworld. com/tips-teaching-students-become-tomorrow%E2%80%99s-leaders (Accessed 5 February 2021).
Erikson, E. (1959) Identity and the Life Cycle. New York: Norton.
Essays, UK. (2015) Positivist and Interpretive Paradigms. https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/two-main-paradigms-namely-positivist-and-interpretive-education-essay.php (Accessed 14 April 2018).
Fox, D.L. (2012) Teachers’ Perceptions of Leadership in Young Learners. University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. Scholar Works: UNO. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td (Accessed 22 February 2019).
Fulton, J. (2019) How to teach leadership skills to your students. https://www.classcraft.com/blog/how-to-teach-leadership-skills-to-your-students (Accessed: 16 February 2021).
Gregory S.C. & Hine, G.S. (2013) The Importance of Action Research in Teacher Education Programs. Issues in Educational Research 23(2) pp.151-163.
Hay, I. & Dempster, N. (2004) Student Leadership Development through General Classroom Activities. Language and Special Education 2(1) pp.141-150.
Helmrich, B. (2015) Ways to Define Leadership. Business News Daily, 19 June. http://www. businessnewsdaily.com/3647-leadership-definition.html (Accessed 17 February 2019).
IQualify UK. (2020) Why is it important to identify and meet individual learner needs when teaching? https://www.iqualifyuk.com/library/teacher-training-section/why-is-it-important-to-identify-and-meet-individual-learner-needs-when-teaching (Accessed 16 February 2021).
James, E.A., Milenkiewicz, M.T. & Bucknam, A. (2008) Participatory Action Research for Educational Leadership: Using Data-Driven Decision Making to Improve Schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Karcher, M.J. & Kristine, J. (2007) Erik and Joan Erikson's Approach to Human Development in Counseling. Bennehttp://michaelkarcher.com/School_connectedness_files/Karcher_ 08_EriksonsCH07. pdf (Accessed 11 February 2018).
Korstjens, I. & Moser, A. (2018) Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing. European Journal of General Practice 24(1) pp.120-124.
Leithwood, K., Begley, P.T. & Cousins, J.B. (1994) Developing Expert Leadership for Future Schools. London: Falmer.
Manktelow, J. (2014) The Leadership Process Model: Leadership Qualities from Mind Tools Team. http://www.mindtools.com/page/articlel leadership (Accessed 23 February 2019).
Mahanta, P. (2019) Five effective teaching strategies to help students in school. https://www.prodigygame. com/main-en/blog/5-effective-teaching-strategies-to-help-your-students-in-school/ (Accessed: 20 February 2021).
Mayan, M.J. (2001) An Introduction to Qualitative Methods: A Training Module for Students and Professionals. Alberta: University of Alberta Press
Mills College. (2020) How to Be a Transformational Leader in Education. Mills School of Education. Oakland. https://online.mills.edu/blog/transformational-leadership-in-education (Accessed 10 February 2019).
Mooney, C.G. (2000) Theories of Childhood: An Introduction to Dewey, Montessori, Erickson, Piaget and Vygotsky. St Paul, MN: Redleaf Press.
Morales, M.P.E. (2016) Participatory action research (par) cum action research in teacher professional development: A literature review. International Journal of Research in Education and Science 2(1) pp. 56-165.
Muhdi, M. (2019) Framework for Implementation of Education Policy in the Perspective of Education Management in Indonesia. Universal Journal of Educational Research 7(12) pp.2717-2728.
Mulovhedzi, S.A. (2017) Facilitating the development of leadership qualities in the Foundation Phase. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Mulovhedzi, S.A. & Mudzielwana, N.P. (2016) Importance of teaching leadership skills in the foundation phase. International Journal of Educational Sciences 13(2) pp.202-207.
Murphy, S.E. (2011) Providing a Foundation for Leadership Development. Series in Applied Psychology: Early Development and Leadership – Building the Next Generation of Leaders. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis.
Murray, J. (2014) Types of Leadership Style: An Essential Guide. Legacee. Available at http://www. books.google.co.za/books? (Accessed 27 June 2015).
Nieuwenhuis, J. (2007) Qualitative Research Designs and Data Gathering Techniques. In First steps in Research. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Northhouse, P.G. (2013) Leadership: Theory and Practice. 7th ed. Western Michigan University. Michigan: Sage.
Ornstein, A.C., Levine, D.U., Gutek, G.L. & Vocke, D.E. (2014) Foundations of Education. 12th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Patel, S. (2015) The Research Paradigm – Methodology, Epistemology and Ontology – Explained in Simple Language. http://salmapatel.co.uk/academia/the-research-paradigmmethodology-epistemology-and-ontology-explained-in-simple-language (Accessed 28 December 2020).
Paterson, J. (2020) Strategies for Teaching Students Leadership Skills. https://www.educationworld.com/tips-teaching-students-become-tomorrow%E2%80%99s-leaders/ (Accessed 15 January 2021).
Penn, S.E. (2012) Building Leadership Skills in Young Learners. Somerset Country, http://agsci.psu.edu (Accessed 3 March 2015).
Randstad Solution. (2019) Developing leadership skills in teaching, https://www.randstad.co.uk/career-advice/job-skills/developing-leadership-skills-teaching (Accessed 15 June 2019).
Room 241 Team. (2013) Five School Leadership Skills Every Teacher Possesses. https://education.cu-portland.edu/blog/leaders-link/5-school-leadership-skills-every-teacher-possess (Accessed 17 March 2017).
Rule, P. & Vaughn, J. (2011) Your Guide to Case Study Research. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Welch, D., Grossaint, K., Reid, K. & Walker, C. (2016) Strengths-based Leadership Development: Insights from Expert Coaches. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research 66(1) p.31. https://psycnet. apa.org/doi/10.1037/cpb0000002 (Accessed 20 March 2021).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 The Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.