Work Integrated Learning (WIL) model – A win-win process between university, postgraduate business students and industry

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/wf6xdn34

Keywords:

work integrated learning (WIL), project-based learning, win-win process, business graduate job opportunities, employability

Abstract

A project-based work integrated learning (WIL) model that is a match between business postgraduate programmes, business postgraduate students and industry partners can increase employability and job opportunities. This study is based on a qualitative and inductive approach and a longitudinal study initiated in 2014 and evaluated in early 2020. Based on empirical findings in a South African setting, the model reflects that in gaining a sense of the environment via a WIL partnership, postgraduate students are better able to connect innovatively to grow the business. A win-win situation can be achieved where a university, business postgraduate students and industry interact to achieve consensus and a match between industry needs and educational skills. The challenges of companies to find and employ appropriately skilled employees among business postgraduate students can be met through the use of the model. The model contributes to WIL knowledge in a business disciplines. This study presents the argument that if universities and industry partners are able to match their needs, connect, collaborate and engage successfully, postgraduate job opportunities and employability could increase.

References

Agnew, D., Pill, S. & Orrell, J. (2017) Applying a conceptual model in sport sector work-integrated learning contexts. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education 18(3) pp.185-198.

Alharahsheh, H.H. & Pius, A. (2021) Exploration of Employability Skills in Business Management Studies Within Higher Education Levels: Systematic Literature Review. Research Anthology on Business and Technical Education in the Information Era, pp.1147-1164.

Asproth, V., Amcoff Nyström, C., Olsson, H. & Öberg, L. (2011) Team syntegrity in a triple loop learning model for course development. Issues in Informing Science & Information Technology 8 pp.1-11.

Atkinson, J.K., Coleman, P.D. and Blankenship, R.J. (2014) Alumni attitudes on technology offered in their undergraduate degree program. Databases 52(3) pp.63-793.

Baker, H. (2015) What makes a great PR or marketing graduate? The B2B PR Blogg, http://b2bprblog. com/blog/2015/05/what-makes-a-great-pr-or-marketing-graduate

Barwise, P. & Meehan, S. (2011) Customer insights that matter. Journal of Advertising Research 51(2) pp.342-344.

BizTrends 2017. (2017) #BizTrends2017: SA's graduate labour market – trends and issues. Bizzcommunity http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/722/157320.html (Accessed 15 November 2019).

Bradford, R. (2018) Strategic Thinking: 11 Critical skills needed. Center for Simplified Strategic Thinking, Inc. https://www.cssp.com/CD0808b/CriticalStrategicThinkingSkills/ (Accessed 17 January 2020).

Branson, R. (2017) Richard Branson’s advice for creating great marketing. Virgin.com. https://www. virgin.com/entrepreneur/richard-bransons-advice-creating-great-marketing (Accessed 15 November 2019).

Campbell, M., Stewart, V. & Karim, A. (2018) Beyond employability: Conceptualising WIL in postgraduate education. Creating connections, building futures: Proceedings of the 2018 Australian Collaborative Education Network (ACEN) 2018 National Conference. Australian Collaborative Education Network (ACEN) Limited, Australia, pp.19-23.

Carucci, R. (2018) Three ways to be sure you’re a strategic thinker. Forbes https://www.forbes.com/sites/roncarucci/2018/04/09/three-ways-to-be-sure-youre-a-strategic-thinker/#2034f4764218 (Accessed 10 October 2019).

Chuenpraphanusorn, T., Snguanyat, O., Boonchart, J., Chombuathong, S. & Moonlapat, K. (2017) The development of work-integrated learning model in business service field for Rajabhat University, Thailand. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8(1) pp. 216-226.

Clausen, H.B. & Andersson, V. (2019) Problem-based learning, education and employability: a case study with master’s students from Aalborg University, Denmark Journal of teaching in travel & tourism 19(2) pp.126-139. doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2018.1522290

Crebert, G., Bates, M., Bell, B., Patrick, C-J. & Cragnolini, V. (2004) Developing generic skills at university, during work placement and in employment: graduates’ perceptions. Higher Education Research & Development 23(2) pp.147-165.

Donald, W., Baruch, Y. & Ashleigh, M. (2017) Boundaryless and Protean Career Orientation: A multitude of pathways to graduate employability. Graduate Employability in Context. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Etzkowitz, H. & Ranga, M. (2015) Triple helix systems: an analytical framework for innovation policy and practice in the knowledge society. Entrepreneurship and Knowledge Exchange. Routledge.

Farr-Wharton, B., Charles, M.B., Keast, R., Woolcott, G. & Chamberlain, D. (2018) Why lecturers still matter: The impact of lecturer-student exchange on student engagement and intention to leave university prematurely. Higher Education 75(1) pp.167-185.

Ferreira, L. & Barbosa, M. (2019) PBL method in the formative process in postgraduate courses: An evaluation from students' perception. International journal for innovation education and research 7(12) pp.333-347.

Ferns, S., Russell, L. & Kay, J. (2016) Enhancing industry engagement with work-integrated learning: Capacity building for industry partners. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education 17(4) pp.363-375.

Fitzgerald, B.K., Barkanic, S., Cardenas-Navia, I., Elzey, K., Hughes, D. & Troyan, D. (2015) The BHEF National Higher Education and Workforce Initiative: A model for pathways to baccalaureate attainment and high-skill careers in emerging fields, Part 2. Industry and Higher Education 29(5) pp. 419-427.

Fodness, D. (2007) Strategic thinking in marketing: implications for curriculum content and design. AMA Winter Educators' Conference Proceedings pp.341-342.

Freudenberg, B., Brimble, M. & Vyvyan, V. (2010) The penny drops: Can work integrated learning improve students’ learning? E-Journal of Business Education & Scholarship of Teaching 4(1) pp.42-61.

Gannon, J., Rodrigo, Z. & Santomà, R. (2016) Learning to work interculturally and virtually: Developing postgraduate hospitality management students across international HE institutions. International Journal of Management Education (Elsevier Science) 14(1) pp.18-27, doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2016.01.002

Govender, C.M. & Taylor, S. (2015) A work integrated learning partnership model for higher education graduates to gain employment South African Review of Sociology 46(2) pp.43-59.

Govender, C.M. & Wait, M. (2017) Managing work integrated learning strengths, opportunities and risks in the emerging South African environment. GABTA 19th Annual Conference – Vienna, Austria 11-15 July, pp.223-232.

Grecu, V. & Denes, C. (2017) Benefits of entrepreneurship education and training for engineering students. In the 8th International conference on Manufacturing Science and Education – MSE 2017. MATEC Web of Conferences 121 No.12007 pp.1-7. EDP Sciences

Greenacre, L., Freeman, L., Jaskari, M. & Cadwallader, S. (2017) Editors’ Corner: The ‘Work-Ready’ Marketing Graduate. Journal of Marketing Education 39(2) pp.67-68.

Gurchiek, K. (2010) Strategic thinking, communicating are top HR competencies HR Magazine 55(5) p.18.

Hall, J. (2018) 5 Marketing Trends to Pay Attention to in 2019. Forbes https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnhall/2018/06/17/5-marketing-trends-to-pay-attention-to-in-2019/#739ad1c560f7 (Accessed 15 November 2019).

Hamilton, M., Carbone, A., Gonsalvez, C. & Jollands, M. (2015) Breakfast with ICT Employers: What do they want to see in our graduates. Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Computing Education Conference (ACE 2015) 27(1) p.30.

Haycock, K., Cheadle, A. & Bluestone, K.S. (2012) Strategic thinking: Lessons for leadership from the literature. Library Leadership and Management 26(3-4) p.10.

Hemmert, M., Bstieler, L. & Okamuro, H. (2014) Bridging the cultural divide: Trust formation in university-industry research collaborations in the US, Japan, and South Korea. Technovation 34(10) pp.605-616.

Henderson, A. & Trede, F. (2017) Strengthening attainment of student learning outcomes during work-integrated learning: A collaborative governance framework across academia, industry and students. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education 18(1) pp.73-80.

HRDC. (2017) The importance of education-industry partnerships. Human Resource Development Council South Africa, http://hrdcsa.org.za/the-importance-of-education-industry-partnerships/ (Accessed 7 March 2019).

Hunt, S.D. & Madhavaram, S. (2014) Teaching dynamic competition in marketing. Atlantic Marketing Journal 3(2) pp.80-93.

Ibrahim, H. & Jaaffar, A. (2017) Investigating post-work integrated learning (WIL) effects on motivation for learning: an empirical evidence from Malaysian Public Universities. International Journal of Business and Society 18(1) pp.17-32.

Ince, M. (2011) How are universities responding to demand for degrees that better prepare students for future employment? Top Universities https://www.topuniversities.com/student-info/careers-advice/how-can-universities-prepare-students-work/ (Accessed March 2019).

Iyengar, R.V. (2015) MBA: The Soft and Hard Skills That Matter. IUP Journal of Soft Skills 9(1) pp.7-14.

IOA. (2017) How can graduates better their chances of employment in the South African job market? On Africa (IOA) https://www.inonafrica.com/2017/07/20/can-graduates-better-chances-employment-south-african-job-market-2/ (Accessed March 2019).

Jackson, D. (2015) Employability skill development in work-integrated learning: Barriers and best practice Studies in Higher Education 40(2) pp.350-367.

Jacques, C. (2014) Credit quandaries: How career and technical education teachers can teach courses that include academic credit. Center on Great Teachers and Leaders at American Institutes for Research https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED555679.pdf (Accessed 10 October 2019).

Johnson, L., Becker, S.A., Cummins, M., Estrada, V., Freeman, A. & Hall, C. (2016) NMC horizon report: 2016 Higher Education Edition. The New Media Consortium, pp.1-50.

Johnson, P. (2015) Can a business survive without marketing? LinkedIn, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/can-business-survive-without-marketing-poppy-johnson/ (Accessed 17 January 2020).

Kalafatis, S. & Ledden, L. (2013) Carry-over effects in perceptions of educational value Studies in Higher Education 38 pp.1540-1561.

Karim, A., Campbell, M., Hasan, M. (2020) A new method of integrating project-based and work integrated learning in a postgraduate engineering study. The Curriculum Journal 31(1) pp.157-173, doi: 10.1080/09585176.2019.1659839

Keegan, B.P. (2017) The value of strategic thinking. Forbes https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2017/04/26/the-value-of-strategic-thinking/#371b6153430b (Accessed 17 January 2020).

Khuong, C.H. (2016) Work-integrated learning process in tourism training programs in Vietnam: Voices of education and industry. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education 17(2) pp.149-161.

Krell, J., Todd, A. & Dolecki, P.K. (2019) Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice in Neurofeedback Training for Attention. Mind, Brain, and Education 13 pp.246-260. doi:10.1111/mbe.12220

La Marca, D. (2017) Why IoT (Internet of Things) and Industry 4.0 need professional marketing. Media Buzz, https://www.mediabuzz.com.sg/research-analysis-and-trends-july2017/why-iot-and-industry-4-0-need-professional-marketing (Accessed 17 January 2020).

Leon-Garcia, F. (2018) Preparing students for a rapidly-changing world. University World News. 23 March, https://www.universityworldnews.com/ (Accessed January 2019).

Masole, L. & Van Dyk, G. (2016) Factors influencing work readiness of graduates: An exploratory study. Journal of Psychology in Africa 26(1) pp.70-73.

McArthur, E., Kubacki, K., Pang, B. & Alcaraz, C. (2017) The employers’ view of ‘work-ready’ graduates: A study of advertisements for marketing jobs in Australia. Journal of Marketing Education 39(2) pp.82-93.

Melaia, S., Abratt, R. & Bick, G. (2008) Competencies of marketing managers in South Africa. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 16(3) pp.233-246.

Meza Rios, M., Herremans, I., Wallace, J., Althouse, N., Lansdale, D. & Preusser, M. (2018) Strengthening sustainability leadership competencies through university internships. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 19(4) pp.739-755.

Moon, B. (2013) Antecedents and outcomes of strategic thinking. Journal of Business Research 66(10) pp.1698-1708.

Mustata, I.C., Alexe, C.G. & Alexe, C.M. (2017) Developing competencies with the general management ii business simulation game. International Journal of Simulation Modelling (IJSIMM) 16(3) pp.412-421, doi:10.2507/IJSIMM16(3)4.383

Mutalemwa, D., Utouh, H. & Msuya, N. (2020) Soft Skills as a Problem and a Purpose for Tanzanian Industry: Views of Graduates. Economic Insights - Trends & Challenges 4 pp.45-64.

Ohei. K.N. & Brink, R. (2019) Investigating the prevailing issues surrounding ICT graduates’ employability in South Africa: A case study of a South African University. The Journal of Independent Teaching and Learning 14(2) pp.29-42.

Okoti, D. (2018) It takes more than a degree to beat unemployment. Daily Nation https://www.nation. co.ke/lifestyle/mynetwork/It-takes-more-than-a-degree-to-beat-unemployment/3141096-4588296-ff7uv4/index.html (Accessed 10 October 2019).

Papakonstantinou, T., Charlton-Robb, K., Reina, R.D. & Rayner, G. (2013) Providing research-focused work-integrated learning for high achieving science undergraduates. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education 14(2) pp.59-73.

Pate, D.L. (2020) The skills companies need most in 2020—and how to learn them. www.googlescholar. com (Accessed 16 March 2020).

Prikshat, V., Kumar, S. & Nankervis, A. (2019) Work-Readiness Integrated Competence Model: Conceptualisation and Scale Development. Education & Training 61(5) pp.568-589.

Prior, S.J., Van Dam, P., Phoebe, E.J., Griffin, N.S., Reeves, L.K., Bronwyn, P., Giles, A. & Peterson, G.M. (2021) The healthcare redesign student experience: qualitative and quantitative insights of postgraduate work-integrated learning. Higher Education Research & Development doi:10.1080/07294360.2020.1 867515

Rackova, K. (2015) Towards Selected Interpersonal Skills in Management. Social & Economic Revue 13(4) pp.68-70.

Reinhard, K. & Pogrzeba, A. (2016) Comparative cooperative education: Evaluating Thai Models on work-integrated learning, using the German Duale Hochschule Baden-Wuerttemberg Model as a benchmark. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education 17(3) pp 227-247.

Saeed, K. (2015) Gaps in marketing competencies between employers' requirements and graduates' marketing skills. Pakistan Business Review 17(1) pp.125-146.

Schlee, R.P. & Karns, G.L. (2017) Job requirements for marketing graduates: are there differences in the knowledge, skills, and personal attributes needed for different salary levels? Journal of Marketing Education 39(2) pp.69-81.

Seyed Kalali, N., Momeni, M. & Heydari, E. (2015) Key elements of thinking strategically. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics 2(8) pp.801-809.

Solnet, D., Kralj, A., Moncarz, E. & Kay, C. (2010) Formal education effectiveness and relevance: Lodging Manager perceptions. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education 22(4) pp.15-24.

StastSA. (2020) Vulnerability of youth in the South African labour market. StatsSA. June 24, http://www. statssa.gov.za/

Vaaland, T.I. & Ishengoma, E. (2016) University-industry linkages in developing countries: perceived effect on innovation Education + Training 58(9) pp.1014-1040.

Valencia-Forrester, F. (2019) Internships and the PhD: Is this the future direction of work-integrated learning in Australia? International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning 20(4) pp.389-400.

Vande Wiele, P., Morris, D., Ermine, J.L. (2017) Project based learning for professional identity: a case study of collaborative industry projects in marketing. Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning 12(2) pp.44-63

Van Scheers, L. & Makhitha, K.M. (2016) Are small and medium enterprises (SMEs) planning for strategic marketing in South Africa? Foundations of Management 8(1) pp.243-250.

Vega, J. (2018) Strategic Thinking. Stratex Solutions http://www.stratex.solutions/strategic-thinking/ (Accessed 28 January 2019).

Whitler, K.A. (2018) The 2018 summer reading list for marketers. Forbes https://www.forbes.com/sites/kimberlywhitler/2018/06/03/the-2018-summer-reading-list-for-marketers/#7af425884282 (Accessed 17 January 2020).

Wiedmer, T. (2015) Generations do differ: Best practices in leading traditionalists, boomers, and generations X, Y, and Z. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin 82(1) p.51.

Zakharchenko, Y. (2017) Professional training of marketing specialists: Foreign experience. Comparative Professional Pedagogy 7(2) pp.51-55.

Downloads

Published

07-11-2024

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Work Integrated Learning (WIL) model – A win-win process between university, postgraduate business students and industry. (2024). The Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning, 17(1), 39-59. https://doi.org/10.17159/wf6xdn34

Similar Articles

21-30 of 69

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.